Rotunda of St. George

About

The Rotunda of St. George is the oldest preserved building in Sofia, dating back to the early 4th century. Nestled in a courtyard behind the Presidency and Hotel Balkan, this red-brick rotunda was originally part of a Roman complex in ancient Serdica. Initially used as Roman baths, it was later converted into a Christian church during the reign of Emperor Constantine the Great. The structure’s circular plan, domed roof, and thick walls reflect early Byzantine architecture. Inside, five layers of frescoes span centuries—from 4th-century floral motifs to 10th-century angels and 12th-century prophets—many of which were hidden under plaster during the Ottoman era when the church served as a mosque. Restored in the 20th century, these frescoes now offer a rare glimpse into medieval Bulgarian and Byzantine artistry. Surrounded by Roman ruins and steeped in history, the Rotunda remains an active place of worship and a powerful symbol of Sofia’s layered past, bridging antiquity and modernity in the city’s heart.

Sofia Bulgaria

Location

The Rotunda of St. George is located in the very center of Sofia, hidden in the courtyard behind the Presidency and the Sofia Hotel Balkan. This ancient red-brick church, dating back to the early 4th century, is considered the oldest surviving building in the city and sits amidst the archaeological remains of the ancient Roman town of Serdica. For tourists, the location is ideal: the rotunda is just steps from the ruins of the ancient Serdica fortress and within easy walking distance of major city landmarks such as the Presidency, the Council of Ministers, and the National Archaeological Museum. The bustling pedestrian Vitosha Boulevard and the central metro station Serdika are nearby, making it highly accessible for visitors exploring Sofia’s historical core. Its setting among government buildings and ancient ruins offers a unique blend of Sofia’s Roman heritage and modern city life.