Spain Madrid Madrid Observatory

Real Observatory of Madrid

About

The Real Observatory of Madrid, founded in 1790 by King Carlos IV, is a historic scientific institution located on a hill beside Buen Retiro Park. Designed by Juan de Villanueva, the architect behind the Prado Museum, the observatory exemplifies Spanish neoclassical architecture with its domed rotunda and symmetrical wings. Originally equipped with a 25-foot Herschel telescope—later destroyed during the Peninsular War—the site has played a key role in astronomy, geophysics, and cartography. Today, it houses the National Astronomical Observatory and the Central Geophysical Observatory under the National Geographic Institute. Visitors can explore restored instruments like the Repsold meridian circle and a replica of Herschel’s telescope, as well as the Foucault Pendulum illustrating Earth’s rotation. The observatory also features a rich library and museum collection. Guided tours offer insight into Spain’s Enlightenment-era scientific ambitions and the evolution of astronomical research. Entry is free, but advance booking is recommended.

Madrid Spain

Location

The Real Observatory of Madrid is located at Calle de Alfonso XII, 3, on a small hill called San Blas within the beautiful surroundings of Retiro Park. Founded in 1790 and designed by Juan de Villanueva, the neoclassical building is a historic scientific institution and currently serves as the seat of the Spanish National Observatory. The observatory houses an impressive collection of antique astronomical instruments, including a large telescope built in 1912, and showcases historical scientific achievements. Visitors may also admire its unique Foucault pendulum demonstrating the Earth's rotation. The location offers a tranquil retreat amidst the vibrant city, nestled next to one of Madrid's most beloved parks. Nearby, guests can easily access the National Museum of Anthropology, the Atocha train station, and prime Retiro Park entrances like Puerta de Alcalá. This blend of science, history, and nature makes the Real Observatory a fascinating cultural destination in Madrid.